Jade ceremonial halberd (Ge) from China, the Warring States (475-221 BC)

• The green jade is completely calcified which gives the white surface.
• 2 dragon heads are clearly recognizable, also it has nice decorations all over but only seen when looking closely.
• Comes out of an old German collection.

The Warring States period was a tumultuous era in ancient China, spanning roughly from 475 BCE to 221 BCE. This epoch was marked by incessant warfare, political upheaval, and social transformation among the various states vying for supremacy within the Chinese mainland.

During this time, China was divided into several competing states, including Qin, Chu, Han, Wei, Zhao, Yan, and Qi. These states engaged in constant warfare, striving to expand their territories, consolidate power, and assert dominance over the others.

The Warring States period was characterized by significant advancements in military strategies and technological innovations. Philosophical ideologies, such as Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, and Mohism, emerged as prominent schools of thought, influencing governance, ethics, and societal values.

The conflict-ridden landscape spurred intellectual and cultural developments. Philosophers, scholars, and strategists, notably Confucius, Mencius, Sun Tzu, and Xunzi, arose during this period, contributing profound insights into politics, ethics, and warfare.

The unceasing warfare and political instability eventually led to the rise of the Qin state under the leadership of Qin Shi Huang. Through a series of military conquests, Qin emerged victorious, annexing the rival states and unifying China in 221 BCE, marking the end of the Warring States period and the beginning of the Qin Dynasty.

The Warring States period, while characterized by conflict and chaos, laid the groundwork for the unification of China under a centralized imperial system. It remains a pivotal era in Chinese history, shaping the nation's political landscape, culture, and philosophical ideologies for centuries to come.

戰國葛

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